Drugs to protect the stomach when taking medications – All about liver diseases на flymega.ru

The stomach is one of the most important internal organs; not only digestion, but also the general condition of the body depends on its health. At the same time, the gastrointestinal tract is a rather fragile system. Poor nutrition, alcohol, and taking certain medications can seriously interfere with its functioning. We tell you how to maintain a healthy stomach and what medications exist to protect the gastric mucosa.

By the age of 30, almost everyone is faced with at least one more or less serious gastrointestinal disease. The most common are gastritis and duodenitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum. Even in countries with a high standard of living and developed medicine, at least 30% of the population suffers from these pathologies. If gastritis is not treated, peptic ulcers may develop over time. Very often, people are also affected by irritable bowel syndrome - a disease that is not particularly dangerous, but extremely unpleasant, fraught with pain, flatulence and bowel dysfunction. This disease affects about 20% of healthy people and more than 70% of those who have one or another gastrointestinal disease.

Is it possible to avoid the development of stomach diseases and maintain the health of the digestive tract? Of course, it is possible, but to do this you need to analyze and, if necessary, revise your lifestyle.

Tip one: healthy eating - healthy stomach

Digestion is the main function of the stomach, and it copes with it perfectly, even if we eat something harmful. But the capabilities of the digestive system are not unlimited, and regular consumption of certain foods can disrupt its functioning.

The inside of the stomach is lined with mucous membrane. This is the first line of defense against bacteria - pathogenic microorganisms cannot penetrate through a completely healthy mucous membrane. However, hot spices, vinegar, very hot or cold foods, smoked meats, fat, coffee, alcohol and carbonated drinks irritate the mucous membrane and disrupt its integrity. These are microscopic disturbances, but they are enough for bacteria to penetrate the mucous membrane and begin to destroy it. The main aggressor is the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. It can be classified as conditionally pathogenic - it is present in the body of many people without causing significant harm, but sometimes, when the immune system is weakened, it begins to actively multiply and destroy the mucous membrane, causing gastritis and peptic ulcers.

Protecting the stomach is, first of all, proper nutrition, excluding all of the above. The diet must contain foods rich in dietary fiber: high-fiber vegetables, brown rice, wholemeal bread. They are essential for intestinal motility and preventing constipation. In addition, dietary fiber stimulates the growth of normal intestinal microflora - “good” bacteria that help digest food and keep the population of opportunistic microorganisms under control.

It is undesirable to overindulge in either too hard or too soft foods. Solid foods put healthy stress on your teeth and gums, but they take a very long time to digest. Soft foods - soufflés, purees, pates, omelettes and smoothies - are digested quickly, but they do not require chewing and therefore do not receive the necessary treatment with saliva (and this is the first and very important stage of digestion). In addition, food that is too soft does not put stress on the teeth and gums, which can lead to dental disease. This doesn't mean that pureed or raw vegetables are bad - you just need to maintain a healthy balance.

Avoid anything fried - oxidized fat irritates the stomach lining. Boiling, steaming and baking are healthier ways to heat food.

Diet is just as important as food choice. The stomach capacity is small, only two handfuls (this is approximately the size of a tea cup). Of course, an adult can eat 3-4 times more, because the stomach can stretch. But it will be very difficult for him to digest such a volume of food. In addition, the constant stretching of the stomach leads to the fact that it becomes more and more difficult to achieve satiety. A person begins to eat more, gaining extra calories, and this is a direct road to obesity.

You need to eat often - 4-6 times a day - and little by little. You can’t refuse breakfast, it “wakes up” the digestive system. People who ignore their morning meals often suffer from heartburn and indigestion, excess weight and flatulence.

Vitamins are also important factors for protecting the gastric mucosa. Vitamins A, B6, E and C, as well as zinc, are especially necessary. All of them strengthen the mucous membrane and prevent its destruction.

Tip two: Healthy lifestyle as a stomach protection factor

To protect your stomach, you need to adhere to a healthy lifestyle, at a minimum, quit smoking and drinking alcohol.

Nicotine increases the secretion of gastric juice and leads to short-term vasoconstriction. Due to excess hydrochloric acid, the gastric mucosa is irritated, and vascular spasm disrupts peristalsis. In addition, nicotine dulls the feeling of hunger. This means that the intervals between meals increase, which is also not at all beneficial for the digestive system.

Alcohol is also harmful: it has a pronounced irritating effect on the mucous membrane, inhibits digestion, increases the concentration of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice, and disrupts the functioning of the nervous system.

Needless to say, the combination of cigarettes and alcohol is itself dangerous for the stomach. The matter is also aggravated by the snacks that we consume along with alcohol, because usually very fatty (chips, meat, ham), pickled or spicy snacks are served with alcoholic drinks.

Tip three: don’t overuse medications

Some drugs can significantly irritate the lining of the stomach, especially if taken too often.

The most common type of drugs that irritate the stomach are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs based on acetylsalicylic acid. These medications are often taken without consulting a doctor for the slightest manifestation of a cold, headaches, muscle pain, etc. They are effective, but can cause irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane. Of course, a few tablets will not harm your stomach, but if pain or fever occurs so often that you are forced to take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs regularly, it is better to go to the doctor and find out the cause of the ailment.

Adsorbent drugs

Adsorbent agents will help protect nerve endings located on the mucous membranes from the negative effects of irritating substances. They prevent or slow down the absorption of toxic substances, thereby reducing the risk of poisoning the body. Some drugs in this category have a high enveloping ability. Such products include “Smecta”, “Polysorb”, “Enterosgel”.

In addition to their main purpose, adsorbents have a positive effect on the condition of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, protecting it from hydrochloric and bile acid, and pathogenic microorganisms. Taking adsorbents is indicated for intestinal upset, food poisoning, intestinal colic, ulcers, flatulence, gastritis, duodenitis.

"Magic" pills

There is a group of drugs collectively called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which we all have taken at least once in our lives, and many regularly. These are drugs that have analgesic, anti-inflammatory and/or antipyretic effects. Examples include Aspirin, Nurofen, Nice, Ketanov, Ketoprofen and others. Considering the “magical effects” of their action - relieving inflammation, pain and fever - they are prescribed by almost everyone, everyone, always. Prescribed by traumatologists, rheumatologists, therapists, ENT specialists, dentists. Plus, they can be purchased completely freely at any pharmacy. But, along with the “magical properties”, these drugs have a number of side effects that can be divided into 2 groups: cardio risks and gastro risks. Actually, gastrorisks will be discussed in this article.

Drugs that promote mucosal restoration

Many diseases, such as peptic ulcers, gastritis, parasite infection, as well as the effects of anti-cancer treatment (chemotherapy, radiation therapy) damage the gastrointestinal mucosa.

This diverse group of drugs includes agents that help improve blood supply and accelerate the regeneration of damaged tissues.

Tsimed

Pharmachologic effect . Cymed is a complex preparation that consists of copper and zinc combined with milk protein hydrolysate. In addition, it contains sea buckthorn fruit extract. The product has a complex effect on the body: improves the conduction of nerve impulses, enhances the absorption of iron by the body. Cymed also stimulates the production of thyroid hormones and regulates the secretion of estrogens and androgens. Promotes the production of energetically valuable substances by cells, activates the release of intracellular enzymes. It has a pronounced effect on the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, restoring its structure.

Indications . as a metabolic agent it can be used for diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, migraine, anemia. Improves the condition of muscle pain, physical overload, and thyroid diseases. Used as a prophylactic for those who often suffer from acute respiratory viral infections. It is used for damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa due to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, the consequences of anticancer treatment, parasitic diseases, as well as after operations on the abdominal organs.

Mode of application . orally with water, 1 tablet morning and evening. The average course duration is 30 days.

Side effects . allergic reactions, abdominal discomfort, nausea, headache.

Contraindications . Individual intolerance to the drug.

Release form: the drug is available in tablets, 60 pcs. packaged.

Regesol

Pharmachologic effect. The combined preparation contains plant extracts: sea buckthorn, calendula, mint, licorice, plantain, agrimony, as a result of which it is a source of a number of vitamins, flavonoids, essential oils and fatty acids. It has a versatile effect on the body. Heals superficial and deep defects of the skin and mucous membranes, accelerates the formation of connective tissue and the division of epithelial cells. Increases the stability of the internal lining of hollow organs during radiation treatment and chemotherapy. Activates the functioning of the glands, enhances the production of hydrochloric acid and enzymes in the gastric mucosa.

It has a slight antiallergic effect, suppresses inflammatory processes, and inhibits the growth of harmful microorganisms. Promotes relaxation of smooth muscles, has a choleretic effect, protects liver cells from toxic effects. Increases blood clotting, helping to stop bleeding, enhances hematopoiesis, replenishes vitamin deficiencies, and improves appetite. Has some analgesic effect.

Indications . Prescribed for diseases accompanied by inflammatory changes, damage and wounds of the skin and mucous membranes. Used for inflammation of the conjunctiva, gums, colds, gastritis, colitis, inflammation of the bladder, after anticancer treatment. Can be used for intestinal colic, biliary dyskinesia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, anemia, chronic pancreatitis, chronic hepatitis. Indicated for a tendency to bleeding, atherosclerosis, physical and emotional overload.

Mode of application. Inside, with a sufficient amount of water, 2 tablets 2 times a day with meals. The average course of treatment is 30 days.

Side effects: allergic reactions.

Contraindications . allergic reaction to the drug.

Release form: the drug is available in tablets, 60 pcs. packaged.

Venter

Pharmachologic effect . The active ingredient is sucralfate. Reacts with protein substances on the surface of an erosion, ulcer or other defect of the damaged mucous membrane. Forms a film that protects the underlying tissue from the aggressive effects of enzymes and microorganisms, improving the healing process.

Indications . It is used for acute peptic ulcers, peptic ulcers in the acute phase, and also before seasonal exacerbations as a means of prevention. It can also be used to prevent stress ulcers (for burns, diseases accompanied by severe pain, etc.), and for gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Mode of application . Take with water an hour before meals and shortly before going to bed. In case of exacerbation of a peptic ulcer, the dosage regimen is 1 tablet 4 times a day or 2 tablets 2 times a day. The maximum allowable amount of the drug taken per day is 8 tablets. The drug is taken for a course of up to 3 months. To prevent the appearance of ulcers, take 1 tablet morning and evening.

For patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, the dose is 4 tablets per day, 3 of them before main meals and one at night. For different diseases, the duration of the course may vary and is determined by the attending physician.

Side effects: The most common side effect is constipation. In addition, there is increased gas formation, nausea and vomiting, and abdominal discomfort. Rare effects include dry mouth and headache. Possible sleep disorders and allergies.

Contraindications . young children, individual intolerance to the drug, renal failure. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the product is used only on the recommendation of a doctor.

Release form: available in tablets of 1 g, 50 pcs. packaged.

Have you been struggling with GASTRITIS and ULCERS for many years without success?

“You will be amazed at how easy it is to cure gastritis and ulcers just by taking it every day.

The walls of the stomach are covered with a mucous membrane, which consists of epithelial cells. They are responsible for the process of producing mucus, which contains bicarbonate in high concentrations. Mucus performs protective functions, minimizing the harmful effects of aggressive acids on the walls of the organ.

Violation of the structure of the mucous membrane leads to the appearance of erosive changes, wounds and ulcerative lesions on its surface.

This condition can be provoked by both various pathological processes in the gastrointestinal tract and external factors. If the patient does not pay attention to the symptoms that appear and does not undergo drug treatment, then he will have to face such dangerous complications as perforation, penetration or bleeding.

Some numbers

Some statistics. In the UK, approximately 24 million NSAIDs are prescribed per year. 70% of people over 70 years of age take NSAIDs once a week, and 34% daily. In the United States, up to 6 billion worth of NSAIDs are sold annually. As a result, the risk of developing gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) perforation increases by 6 times, the risk of death from complications by up to 8 times. Most cases of acute gastrointestinal tract are associated with NSAIDs.

This problem is also relevant in our country, for example, according to the Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery named after. A.N. Bakulev, out of 240 patients taking aspirin daily, even in small doses, gastroscopy revealed lesions of the stomach and 12 p.c. in 30% (of which ulcers - in 23.6%, erosions - in 76.4%). A similar picture was observed among colleagues from the All-Russian Research Institute of Rheumatology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences - in 2126 patients taking NSAIDs without “covering” (protection) of the stomach, erosions and ulcers of the gastroduodenal zone were found in 33.8% of cases. These are very impressive and dramatic numbers of complications from taking NSAIDs, considering the number of people using these drugs in developed countries.

Features of gastric microflora restoration

The surface of the walls inside the stomach is completely covered by a mucous membrane containing epithelial cells that secrete mucus with high levels of bicarbonate. This coating protects the organ from the destructive effects of various enzymes and acids.

Disruption of the structure, microflora and normal functioning of the mucous membrane of the stomach walls, which occurred as a result of various diseases of the organ (primarily atrophic gastritis), taking antibiotics or other negative factors, can lead to the formation of not only an erosive process, but also a peptic ulcer with such severe consequences complications such as bleeding, penetration or perforation.

How to prevent such consequences? How to restore your stomach?

Recovery after antibiotics

The relevance of this problem today is quite obvious: it is often practically impossible to cure without antibiotics, but almost all antimicrobial agents used orally by a person have a fairly strong effect and can not only damage the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, but also completely deprive them of beneficial microflora. The result is the opposite of what was expected, but complete abandonment of antibiotics is almost impossible, especially if a laboratory blood test indicates the presence of a bacterial infection.

Taking antibiotics often leads to disruption of the protective mechanisms of the digestive organs, the main place among which belongs to the prostaglandin system. These substances are formed in the mucous membrane of the stomach walls from arachidonic acid and, depending on their class, have different effects on it.

Thanks to their effect:

the production of mucopolysaccharides increases, which are responsible for the formation of mucus that covers the stomach from the inside and reduces the aggressive effects of gastric juice;
the reproduction and growth of pathogenic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract is prevented;
the secretion of hydrochloric acid is reduced to the maximum permissible levels, which allows maintaining the optimal balance of gastric acidity.

After completing a course of antimicrobial treatment that is detrimental to the immune system and disruption of the body’s protective functions, it is necessary to completely restore the stomach and its microflora.

Rehabilitation, which is carried out regardless of the duration of therapy, includes:

Prescription of drugs - prostaglandin analogues;
The use of reparatives that promote the healing process of damaged gastric mucosa;
Conducting laboratory tests to exclude Helicobacter pylori infection and control fibrogastroduodenoscopy.

Recovery for gastritis

Atrophic gastritis is characterized by an initial thinning of the mucous membrane of the stomach walls, which negatively affects the performance of all functions assigned to it, including:

protection from mechanical damage;
production of hydrochloric acid, which determines the level of acidity of gastric juice;
the formation of a mucus layer consisting of mucopolysaccharides;
noticeable decrease in motor function.

Further restoration and normal functioning of the gastric mucosa and its microflora is possible only by providing the body with prostaglandin preparations and gastric juice substitutes to ensure an optimal level of its acidity. However, great care must be taken, since an overdose can have a negative effect and provoke the development of erosive and ulcerative pathology.

Drugs

The process that restores the mucous membrane of the stomach walls depends on the mechanism of its damage and usually involves the use of drugs such as:

Prostaglandin E preparations (Cytotec, misoprostol);
Remedies of animal (actovegin, solcoseryl) and plant (aloe, sea buckthorn oil) origin;
Eubiotics and probiotics that normalize the quantitative and species composition of beneficial microflora in the gastrointestinal tract (lactobacterin, bifiform);
Antisecretory drugs (lansoprazole, omeprazole).

Such treatment should be carried out even in the absence of clinical manifestations and should be started as early as possible, without bringing the disease to a critical state.2

Along with drug therapy, the patient is prescribed a diet that excludes fried, salty, fatty and spicy foods and depends on the level of acidity of gastric juice. You should also completely avoid drinking alcohol and smoking.4

Folk remedies

You can effectively restore the gastric mucosa using traditional medicine, including:

decoction of flax seeds;
collections of chamomile, celandine, St. John's wort, yarrow for increased stomach acidity;
potato juice;
infusion of parsley root, cabbage and plantain juice - with a reduced acidity level.

How it works?

How do these drugs work in our stomachs? Everything is very simple, the negative impact is realized due to the imbalance of defensive and aggressive forces. We have a number of defense mechanisms in our stomach that allow us to withstand the onslaught of aggressors. Among the latest:

An acid whose pH balance is close to that of battery acid
Bile and pancreatic juice, which can be thrown into the stomach.
A number of medications.
Alcohol and nicotine.
Irritating food components (spices, spicy foods, etc.)
Helicobacter pylori infection and so on.

The stomach is protected due to a thick layer of mucus and bicarbonates that neutralize acid, adequate blood supply, and the ability to regenerate very quickly. When we use NSAID drugs, the balance of forces changes towards aggressive mechanisms and damage occurs to the mucous and submucosal layer of the stomach and intestines.

Which ones exist?

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Any medicine tends to be absorbed or not absorbed into the stomach.

Suction

If the components of the medicine interact with hydrochloric acid, they partially penetrate into the blood. The benefits of using such medications include rapid relief from heartburn. But the effect is short-lived.

Such products are characterized by the so-called “acid rebound”: antacids react with hydrochloric acid, resulting in the release of carbon dioxide. The stomach stretches, and hydrochloric acid begins to be produced with renewed vigor, heartburn appears again. In addition, these drugs are adsorbed in the intestines, causing the formation of edema. Side effects also include increased blood pressure, belching and bloating. Such products include, for example, soda.

The active substances of these drugs may be:

magnesium oxide;
sodium bicarbonate;
magnesium and calcium carbonate.

Non-absorbable

The most effective are non-absorbable antacid medications, which also have fewer side effects.

Non-absorbable medications neutralize hydrochloric acid, bile and pepsin. When they enter the stomach, they envelop it and protect it from irritating factors. The therapeutic effect occurs within 15 minutes and lasts up to 4 hours.

Different enveloping agents have their own mechanism of action, based on their composition:

Medicines that coat due to aluminum phosphates. The most popular product from this group is Phosphalugel. Its effect depends on the initial level of acidity. The higher it is, the more effective the medicine.
Antacids containing magnesium and aluminum. These include Almagel.
Combination medications. In this case, there can be 2 variations: aluminum magnesium silicon and sodium calcium. Such drugs create a mechanical barrier that prevents gastric juice from entering the esophagus.

The following non-absorbable coating agents for the stomach and intestines are popular:

Almagel;
phosphalugel;
Maalox;
altacid;
sucralfate;
gastracid;
gastal;
relzer;
aluminum;
gaviscon;
palmagel;
rutacid;
magalfil.

Diagnostics

To diagnose such changes, gastroscopy is used, which is the “gold standard”. An interesting fact is that about 40% of patients with erosive-ulcerative changes who take these drugs for a long time (more than 6 weeks) do not feel any discomfort or unpleasant, painful sensations. Stomach problems are diagnosed only when visiting other doctors, and not a gastroenterologist. And, conversely, in 40% of patients, despite the complaints they make, nothing is found.

What medications can you take to restore the gastric mucosa?

Damage to the gastric mucosa often occurs against the background of the development and progression of the following gastrointestinal pathologies:

gastritis;
ulcerative lesions;
helminthic infestations;
previous radiation or chemotherapy, etc.

For patients who have been diagnosed with such diseases, gastroenterologists prescribe drugs that restore the mucous membrane. For each patient, medications are selected individually that will accelerate regeneration processes and help improve blood supply to the affected areas of the organ.

Specialists can prescribe the following drugs to accelerate the regeneration of the gastric mucosa:

Cytotech;
Misoprostol;
Lansoprazole;
Omeprazole;
Lactobacterin;
Bifiform, etc.

Patients may be prescribed the following medications to restore the mucous membrane:

Cymed . This medication is prescribed to patients who have undergone complex therapy for pathologies such as gastritis, ulcers, helminthic infestations, etc. etc.
Regesol . This drug is able to restore the mucous membrane of the stomach, oral cavity, intestines, and esophagus.
Venter . It is usually prescribed to patients diagnosed with ulcerative pathology, gastritis accompanied by an increased level of acidity, and reflux.

Rehabilitation after taking antibiotics

If the patient was treated with antibiotics for a long time, then pathological changes occurred in his gastric mucosa.

To restore it, gastroenterologists make the following appointments:

prostaglandins are prescribed;
reparants are prescribed, the action of which is aimed at healing injured areas of the mucosa;
diagnostics are carried out to identify pathogenic microflora, in particular the pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter.

Recovery for gastritis

With a pathology such as gastritis, a person’s gastric mucosa is damaged, as inflammatory processes develop in it, which can lead to the appearance of erosions and ulcers.

The task of the gastroenterologist is to select the most effective medication regimen for the patient, which will include targeted drugs:

creation of protective mucus;
enveloping the walls of the stomach;
acceleration of regeneration processes;
restoration of mucosal epithelial cells;
decreased production of hydrochloric acid, etc.

Restoration of beneficial microflora

For people who have gastrointestinal pathologies, which are accompanied by both increased and decreased levels of acidity, gastroenterologists prescribe drugs that can restore beneficial microflora.

The following appointments are made for this category of patients:

normalization of diet;
diet;
taking medications whose action is aimed at suppressing or activating the process of hydrochloric acid production;
taking prostaglandins and reparants;
taking proton pump blockers, etc.

What to do in this case?!

The algorithm of actions for patients who do not have stomach problems and those who have a history of peptic ulcers or erosive changes is different. For the first group, when prescribing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for more than 5 days, it is mandatory to prescribe drugs from the group of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Such as omeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole, etc. (for the entire course of treatment). For the second group, any prescriptions from the NSAID group, regardless of the duration of use, require parallel prescription of proton pump inhibitors. It is also mandatory to take a PPI for patients taking aspirin for a long time.

How to restore the gastric mucosa: effective drugs and folk remedies

Patients with stomach diseases ask gastroenterologists many questions.
The mucous epithelium of the internal cavity performs a protective function against destruction by enzymes and acids. The question of how to restore the gastric mucosa after treatment comes first. The process is quite complicated and takes a long time.

Changes in microflora, disruption of the integrity, structure and physiological performance of the walls of the organ occur as a result of various diseases, as well as after taking medications and other negative factors, which leads to the formation of erosions, ulcers, severe complications arise, bleeding, perforation, and cancerous degeneration are possible. Let's figure out how to restore the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines.

Myths that we encounter in daily practice

Myth 1. Using NSAID drugs in the form of suppositories is less aggressive for the stomach than taking pills

This is 100% a myth. The pathogenic, destructive effect of the drug is realized through the blood, delivering it through the vessels to the stomach.

Myth 2. Medicines from the group of antacids - Rennie, Maalox, Phosphalugel and H2-blockers (Ranitidine and Famotidine) can be used as “gastroprotectors”

In this case they are not effective.

Myth 3. You can't take proton pump inhibitors regularly

The fact is that if an elderly person has been prescribed an anti-inflammatory drug for life, it is absolutely pointless to prescribe gastroprotection for a month. In such cases, medications should be taken strictly in parallel.

Myth 4. Food products (jelly, etc.) can act as “gastroprotectors”

We will leave this myth as absolutely fantastic without comment.

Indications for use

The main active component of this enveloping drug in gel form is aluminum phosphate (20%). The medicine is available in sachets and has a pleasant orange taste. "Phosphalugel" should be taken with increased formation of hydrochloric acid. The active components of the drug envelop the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, protecting it from aggressive factors, and promotes the regeneration of damaged areas.

Enveloping agents with a similar composition can be used in the following cases:

gastritis (chronic, acute);
ulcerative damage to the digestive tract;
non-ulcer dyspepsia syndrome;
functional diarrhea;
intoxication of the body with drugs, alcohol;
hernia;
intestinal or stomach disorders.

In emergency cases, you can also take Phosphalugel. Reviews from experts say that the drug has a rapid therapeutic effect, unlike other drugs. The drug in the form of a gel can be used to treat babies from 6 months.

Antacids are necessary for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The composition contains components that react with water, forming substances that envelop the stomach. This is why the drugs are so popular.

Enveloping agents are indicated for:

acute gastritis;
chronic gastritis;
stomach and duodenal ulcers;
heartburn;
inflammation of the pancreas;
reflux-esophagitis;
with inflammation of the gallbladder;
enteritis;
colitis;
one-time diet violation;
toxicosis of pregnant women;
burns.

Effect

Medicines have the following effects:

envelop the stomach, protecting it;
stop nausea and vomiting;
eliminate pain;
neutralize excess hydrochloric acid;
prevent reflux (reflux of bile from the duodenum into the stomach);
fight diarrhea.

Pharmacies offer a wide selection of medicines. To help you decide, let's look at the most popular drugs.

Things to Remember

Constantly taking antacids without a doctor's prescription can negatively affect your health.
If you often have to resort to such drugs for nausea, to eliminate heartburn or for epigastric pain, do not delay visiting your doctor for a diagnosis and treatment. Such symptoms indicate the presence of gastrointestinal disease. If you ignore them, the disease will worsen and it will be much more difficult to cure.
For ulcers, gastritis and other pathologies of the stomach and intestines, antacid drugs are used as part of complex therapy (more to neutralize the unpleasant symptoms of the disease).
Children and pregnant women should take enveloping drugs with caution. Some of them are contraindicated for these categories of people. Consult your physician before use.

How to choose a medicine

In fact, the most important point is which medications we take. In the figure you can see the scale of aggressiveness of various drugs from the NSAID group in relation to the stomach.

The most aggressive drugs are Aspirin, Ketorolac, Piroxicam, Indomethacin. If possible, it is recommended to use selective drugs that have minimal gastrointestinal risks. Their use is always more desirable, these include Celecoxib and Rofecoxib. But despite their relative safety, they should be prescribed strictly according to indications by the attending doctor, do not forget about this.

Summary

So we draw conclusions:

Before long-term use of NSAIDs, it is mandatory to collect an anamnesis to exclude gastrointestinal pathologies in the past, and, if necessary, perform gastroscopy, diagnosis and treatment of helicobacteriosis.
When choosing what to treat, if possible, you should choose selective NSAIDs.
When prescribing non-selective NSAIDs for more than 5 days and in patients with a history of erosive and ulcerative changes, even with selective NSAIDs, it is necessary to take stomach covering drugs (PPIs).
All patients in the age group over 60 years of age who regularly take aspirin must undergo gastroscopy and, in case of high risks, constantly take drugs from the PPI group.

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Prevention

Prevention of atrophy of the gastric mucosa consists, first of all, in timely treatment of the disease caused by a harmful Helicobacter pylori infection. A balanced diet plays a special role in preventing gastritis.

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People with gastritis should definitely monitor their condition. They are indicated for clinical observation, as well as endoscopic examination twice a year. At the same time, a histological assessment of a piece of mucous sample taken during a biopsy during the procedure is performed.

What are NSAIDs?

NSAIDs are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs aimed at eliminating the symptoms of acute and chronic pathologies. They exhibit an analgesic effect, relieve inflammation and fever. The mechanisms of action of drugs in this group are aimed at reducing the synthesis of cyclooxygenase, which triggers protective mechanisms in response to pathological processes. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase synthesis leads to suppression of the synthesis of prostaglandins, the most important products of the inflammatory process.

The most famous representative is acetylsalicylic acid or aspirin. Ibuprofen, analgin, movixicam, and ketorolac are widely used. NSAIDs are effective for pain of moderate and mild intensity.

NSAIDs are classified as selective or non-selective. The first group includes drugs that block cyclooxygenase-2 to a greater extent. Non-selective ones block both forms of COX, producing a pronounced systemic effect. Selective NSAIDs are safer for the digestive tract.

The drug "Almagel"

This is one of the most popular medications in the antacid category. The product is available in the form of a suspension and tablets. Depending on the type of pathology, you can select the appropriate composition of the drug. The basic set of active ingredients - magnesium and aluminum hydroxide - contains the Almagel suspension in green packaging.

For acute gastritis, duodenitis, reflux esophagitis, ulcers and enteritis, Almagel A in yellow packaging will be effective. The drug additionally contains benzocaine.

For the treatment of chronic pathologies of the digestive tract and ailments in the acute stage, accompanied by increased gas formation, it is recommended to use the drug “Almagel Neo”. The product has an enveloping, adsorbing and carminative effect. It is possible to eliminate the symptoms of flatulence due to the presence of simethicone in the composition.

Mechanisms of negative impact

There are several mechanisms for the development of NSAID gastropathy:

inhibition of the synthesis of the enzyme cyclooxygenase;
direct toxic effect;
systemic toxic effect.

It is the first mechanism that is of primary importance. As a result of inhibition of the synthesis of protective prostaglandins, the production of cyclooxygenase decreases. Prostaglandins, blocked by NSAIDs, regulate bicarbonate secretion and local blood flow. Bicarbonates, contained in gastric mucus and produced by local glands, protect the mucous membranes of the stomach from the irritating effects of hydrochloric acid and chemicals that penetrate the gastrointestinal tract.

Drugs for the treatment of intestines

Long-term problems with stool can lead to the development of inflammatory processes in the intestines. The main symptom of the pathological condition is colic, which is often very painful. Astringents, thanks to their anti-inflammatory and healing effects, will help you quickly get rid of unpleasant sensations and discomfort.

The most effective astringents are bismuth-based preparations. The substance in the form of a white powder helps fight the symptoms of inflammation and heartburn. Bismuth dissolves only in hydrochloric acid.

For peptic ulcers, it is also recommended to take astringents based on bismuth, which forms a protective film on the mucous surface of the digestive organs and stimulates the production of gastric mucus. Bismuth-containing medications - “Vicalin”, “Bismuth nitrate”, “De-nol”, “Vicair” - inhibit the vital activity of Helicobacter pylori, but do not change the composition of gastric juice.

Symptoms of gastrointestinal tract damage while taking NSAIDs

Clinical manifestations of gastritis during treatment with non-steroidal drugs vary from patient to patient. In half of the cases, the disease occurs without any symptoms. It is possible to diagnose gastropathy only at the stage of development of complications.

The following symptoms are noted:

feeling of heaviness in the stomach;
nausea;
pain in the epigastric region;
poor appetite;
flatulence.

Mucous membrane and its problems

Environmental problems, sleep disturbances, constant stress, long breaks in eating, fast food and other “delights” of modern life often lead to digestive problems that occur even at an early age. How to restore the gastric mucosa with this lifestyle is not an idle question.

The gastric mucosa is a special glandular tissue of the body that lines the internal walls of the digestive organ. Her role is high. It produces special enzymes, hydrochloric acid, and mucus. Gastric juice processes food, but the walls of the stomach themselves are reliably protected.

If the mucous membrane becomes inflamed, then both its protective and processing functions are lost. As a rule, this occurs with gastritis of various forms.

The mucous membrane of the digestive organ may suffer from increased or decreased acidity. Even without a medical examination, you can understand the essence of the problem by some symptoms. With increased acidity, heartburn often occurs, aching pain in the upper abdomen that intensifies or goes away after eating. And with low acidity, bloating often occurs in the abdomen, heaviness in the epigastric region, nausea after eating, and a smell of “rotten eggs” from the mouth.

With high and low acidity, there are diametrically different treatments and diets for restoring the mucous membrane.

To accurately determine the extent of the problem, you should consult a doctor and undergo the necessary examination. After this, the doctor will prescribe treatment that will help restore the mucous membrane and improve the functioning of the entire gastrointestinal tract. How to treat a particular disease is decided by the attending physician. Self-medication is dangerous.

Sometimes a disorder of the mucosa is associated with situations such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, which resulted in the formation of ulcers in the cavity of the stomach or intestines.

Then the mucous membrane can be cured by using drugs to improve the regeneration of the mucous membrane, taking into account the level of acidity of the internal environment of the stomach.

The dosage and duration of administration are determined by the attending physician. You can improve the functioning of the digestive organ quite quickly if you seek help in time and follow all the recommendations of the treating doctor.

How to protect your stomach?

The mucous membrane, devoid of bicarbonates and mucus, is susceptible to the toxic effects of chemicals. Therefore, to prevent complications and the development of NSAID gastropathy, it is necessary to follow these rules:

give up alcohol and smoking, which have a detrimental effect on the gastroduodenal lining;
take the tablets with meals with a glass of water;
do not increase the dosage on your own;
Do not take medications for more than two weeks.

Means for protecting the mucous membrane

To protect the stomach when taking NSAIDs, it is necessary to additionally take drugs that stimulate the protective mechanisms of the mucous membranes of the stomach and upper intestines. Such drugs include:

Celecoxib;
Celebrex;
Omeprazole;
Omez;
Ranitidine;
Cimetidine;
Famotidine.

These drugs block histamine receptors in the epithelial layer of the gastric mucosa and reduce the passage of hydrochloric acid. Usually used to treat diseases of the digestive tract with high acidity.

What are coating drugs?

With heartburn, stomach or duodenal ulcers, or gastritis, a number of unpleasant symptoms appear, which can only be relieved with the help of special medications from the group of antacids.
Adsorbent, astringent, enveloping agents contain substances that can normalize the level of acidity and create a protective barrier for the mucous surface of the gastrointestinal tract from the effects of enzymatic juice. The therapeutic effect of such drugs is achieved thanks to components that, upon contact with water, form colloidal compounds and suspensions. When the resulting substances are distributed in the stomach cavity and other parts of the digestive tract, it is possible to significantly reduce the sensitivity of nerve endings.

Non-absorbable antacids are modern means to combat high acidity and symptoms of ulcers, heartburn, and esophagitis. After use, such drugs do not cause an increase in the production of hydrochloric acid (unlike absorbed drugs). The most pronounced therapeutic effect is achieved by coating agents for the stomach, which contain aluminum cation. The optimal combination of substances in the composition is magnesium and aluminum hydroxides. Popular and effective drugs are the following:

"Almagel".
"Gastal."
"Phosphalugel".
"Maalox."
Gaviscon.
"Rutocide."

Most non-absorbable coating drugs contain several active ingredients. A significant advantage of medications is their prolonged analgesic effect and the ability to remove toxic substances from the body.

Prevention of gastropathy

To prevent drug-induced gastropathy, it is necessary to take painkillers only as prescribed by a doctor and strictly in the dosages prescribed by him. During therapy, you need to avoid foods that irritate the mucous membranes of the stomach: spicy, fatty foods, fast food, strong drinks. Eating very hot or cold food is not recommended.

Additional intake of protective drugs will protect the stomach when taking NSAIDs. Among the traditional methods, it is recommended to drink aloe juice on an empty stomach with water or honey, linden honey and propolis. All methods must first be discussed with your doctor.

Natural antacids

The use of medical drugs is not always necessary. With prolonged use or less pronounced symptoms, we advise you to pay attention to natural antacids.

The easiest and cheapest way to combat heartburn is to drink warm water (preferably mineral water)
Bananas pacify stomach pain and fight the symptoms of heartburn.
The use of potato or corn starch has a protective effect on the gastric mucosa. It practically does not dissolve in cold water, but in warm water it turns into an enveloping mixture. You can also eat starchy vegetables.
Clove oil perfectly coats the walls of the stomach and esophagus (2-3 drops per glass of water). It is also recommended to use ground cloves as a seasoning to combat heartburn.
Cinnamon is an excellent natural antiseptic and antacid.
Herbal tea made from mint, lavender and anise (with the addition of honey if desired) will perfectly cope with the burning sensation in the sternum area.
Dill seeds in a volume of ½ tsp. after eating they will help cope with heartburn and discomfort in the stomach.
Flax seed is often used to prevent ulcers and gastritis. It is used in the form of a mucous solution. For preparation you need: 1 tsp. crushed seeds per ½ tbsp. water. Consume warm 30 minutes before meals. The product envelops the walls of the stomach, protecting it.
Grapefruit peel, chewed for heartburn, will help cope with unpleasant symptoms.
1 tbsp. l. crushed walnuts once a day - good prevention of heartburn.
Freshly squeezed potato juice, taken before meals, 2 tbsp. l. - also a wonderful remedy.

Enveloping drugs have a positive effect on the gastrointestinal tract and irritating factors no longer bring negative consequences. The products have passed tests, as a result of which a beneficial effect has been proven for people suffering from frequent heartburn, gastritis and ulcers. Before choosing a medication for yourself, you should consult your doctor, as there are contraindications for use. You also need to select the dosage individually.

my girlfriend is prescribed medications that irritate her stomach. What medications can I take to prevent stomach problems?

When taking Phenibut, no additional drugs are prescribed that affect the microflora, since the drug is prescribed by a neurologist and side effects are implied only from the nervous system.

My children did not have any complications on Phenibut, although they took it periodically from the age of 3. There is no point in drinking Almagel, because you have no goal of reducing the effect of phenibut. Biological products that are prescribed when taking antibiotics are questionable, because the scheme is simple: they killed everything, both bad and good, and then began to populate them with the necessary bacteria.

It’s not entirely clear what’s happening in your case; it may have been triggered by old stomach problems.

I would drink something safe that removes toxins. In general, of course, you need a competent gastroenterologist.

The drug Almagel can help you. Antacid, astringent and enveloping agent. Used for exacerbation of gastritis, ulcers, smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol. And also when taking medications that irritate the stomach. This is a suspension, a syrup that envelops the walls of the esophagus and stomach and reduces discomfort. Consult your doctor and if he approves, try this drug.

It is better to do without any drugs at all.

Firstly, sometimes it just doesn’t make sense. For example, let's take NSAIDs. They all have a negative effect on the stomach to one degree or another. Almost everyone knows that acetylsalicylic acid or diclofenac can cause ulcers or gastritis. But this side effect is due to the mechanism of action. Even gels that contain diclofenac have a note in the annotation that they can affect the stomach. And it doesn't matter what you eat or drink.

Secondly, drugs can interact with each other. And the result will certainly not be rosy. If, for example, a person drinks any antacids, then, most likely, the absorption of the drug will decrease. Then no action will be taken. What is the point of taking the drug if, as a result, a minimal amount of it gets into the blood and the medicinal effect will not be provided.

Drug interactions

The combination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with the following groups of drugs is not recommended:

sulfonylurea derivatives;
indirect anticoagulants;
digoxin, aminoglycosides;
methotrexate, phenytoin;
lithium preparations;
beta blockers, diuretics, ACE inhibitors;
triamterene.

Before using any additional products, you should consult your doctor to prevent adverse reactions and serious conditions.

Actions in case of overdose

Symptoms of an overdose of anti-inflammatory drugs include nausea, vomiting, and trembling of the limbs. Possible black stools, vomiting blood, clouding of consciousness. In case of severe vomiting of blood and loss of consciousness, you should immediately seek medical help.

In case of asymptomatic overdose, activated carbon is used. In other cases, treatment is symptomatic.

Main reasons

The gastric mucosa can be damaged under the influence of internal and external factors.

The following can be noted as the reasons for the development of pathological changes:

long-term use of medications, especially those included in the group of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs and hormones;
inflammatory processes develop on the mucous membrane during gastritis and ulcerative pathology of any form;
due to drinking alcoholic beverages, smoking, taking drugs;
penetration of pathogenic microflora into the stomach, in particular the pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter, helminthic infestations, etc.;
incorrect and irregular nutrition;
nervous shocks, worries, stress, prolonged depression;
lack of vitamin B by the body;
thermal damage associated with the consumption of hot food and drinks;
chemical damage;
chronic gastrointestinal pathologies;
acute inflammatory processes developing against the background of exacerbation of diseases such as cholecystitis, pancreatitis, colitis, etc.

After pathological changes begin to occur in the gastric mucosa, a person may experience the following symptoms:

heartburn;
belching;
nausea;
disturbances in intestinal function;
vomiting reflex;
burning in the stomach (begins to intensify after eating)4
pain syndrome, etc.